A brief overview of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is a disease caused by the mutation of cells in the prostate that begin to increase in increasing numbers. Prostate cancer can develop at any age, but it is more common in older men and risks increase dramatically with age. In some people, cancer can develop unnoticed and the men dying from other causes, but if caught early prostate cancer has a 90% cure rate. Therefore it is important that people go to the doctor annuallyDemonstrations.

Signs / symptoms

Men are often unaware that they have prostate cancer until the later stages of the disease, unless they go into a regular screenings. This is because prostate cancer at an early stage is asymptomatic (no symptoms). The first symptoms of the disease are often bladder obstruction and are comparable to the signs and symptoms in patients with BPH can be seen (see p. 18). Rectal obstruction can also occur, what causes problems with bowel movement during defecation.

Later stages of the disease frequently results in a greater variety of symptoms, because at this point the cancer is often metastatic (spread) to another area of the body such as bone or lymph nodes. Signs and symptoms of the later stages of prostate cancer include:

Screening / Diagnosis

Screening and diagnosis is the same for both BPH and prostate cancerCancer. Procedures include the following:

* Digital rectal examination (DRE): palpitation of the prostate through the anal canal can detect enlargement

* Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood tests: Increased levels of PSA in the blood may be evidence of cancer

* Bone pain

*), Edema (swelling of the lower extremities

* Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin, under arms or the neck enlarged liver

* Fractures

* MentalConfusion (in severe cases where the cancer has spread to the brain to see)

* Exclude transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) ultrasound examination of the testes, prostate, kidney and other diseases or to confirm BPH or cancer.

Treatment

The treatment of prostate cancer depends on the stage of cancer, the effect of treatment, age, general health and life expectancy of the individual. Men who are diagnosed and treated in theearly stages of prostate cancer have a 90% chance of completely disease.41 Although complete recovery is not so easy in the later stages of cancer, treatment can prolong the life expectancy, reduce tumor size to relieve the pain and heal. Treatment options include both surgical and non-surgical procedures.

Surgical Treatments

* Prostatectomy-the partial or complete removal of the prostate.

* Transurethral resection

* Cryotherapy --Procedure, in which the prostate exposed to freezing temperatures. During the procedure, needles are inserted into the prostate through the area between the scrotum and anus. After the needles are in place to produce the needles to destroy the icy temperatures of the prostate and all surrounding cancerous tissue. Note: The surgical treatment of prostate cancer is often a temporary loss of urine control and / or sexual dysfunction. Medicines are prescribed, can by yourDoctor to help reduce these side effects.

Non-surgical treatments

* Radiation therapy to destroy medical application of ionizing radiation on the DNA of cancer cells. Radiation is used to destroy or control the proliferation of malignant cells. The radiation is applied to the site of cancer (tumor, lymph nodes, etc.) and the surrounding tissue. This treatment is often used in combination with hormone therapy or chemotherapy.

* HRT hormone therapy includes theAdministration of specific hormones, such as steroids or drugs that inhibit the production or activity involving other hormones in the development of cancer. The agent in hormone therapy should be used to change gene expression of cancer cells, causing cells to cease its activities, or by promoting cell death.

* Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is the use of chemicals and antibiotics to kill cancer cells. Cancer is caused by that division uncontrollableCells. The chemicals are used during chemotherapy to target fast-dividing cells, so targeted cancer cells and not healthy cells of the body.

* Immunotherapy-Immunotherapy is a relatively new treatment that stimulates the body's own immune system to kill tumors.

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