Equine Flu - Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Introduction: Equine influenza ('flu') is probably the main respiratory infection affecting horses. It has a worldwide distribution, and can cause a severe illness in some cases. Fortunately, prevention is possible with current vaccinations. This is a very current topic, with a recent outbreak in Australia in August to October 2007. This continent had previously been unaffected by equine flu, and the outbreak appears to have spread from imported Japanese stallions.

What is Equine Influenza? This is a severe respiratory viral infection, with a short incubation period of 3-4 days, and a rapid worsening of symptoms. It is particularly likely to spread rapidly in overstocked situations.

The virus is spread by inhalation of water droplets via the nose, and then causes damage to tissues lining the respiratory tract. It can cause death of large areas of the lining tissue or mucosa.

Symptoms: These include high temperature, clear nasal discharge, dry cough, and swollen submental lymph nodes (under the jaw). In addition, you may notice that your horse has depression & lethargy, a clear eye discharge, a poor appetite, and a reluctance to drink There may even be a degree of swelling of the limbs, with a resultant reluctance to move. Occasionally secondary pneumonia can occur, especially in the very old and the very young; this can lead to death.

Causative Agent: The Equine-1 (H7N7) and equine-2 (H3N8); influenza A is a subtype of the latter. Unlike the human influenza virus, which changes every year, equine flu virus has more stable subtypes. Horse flu viruses were only isolated in 1956.

Occasionally carrier status occurs in equines, when an incomplete immune response to infection has occurred and the virus has not been eliminated. Such horses are shedding virus and infectious despite appearing well.

Current Western Treatments: Affected horses need complete rest for at least 6 weeks. It takes 1 week to recover at best, but 6 weeks for any mucosal damage to be reversed, hence the need for a longer period of rest. During recovery, it is important that any stable used must have good ventilation, with minimal dust levels. Mucolytic agents & antibiotics may be necessary if secondary infection occurs.

Complementary Therapies: Supportive care can help, such as reiki, spiritual healing, crystal healing, acupressure, shiatsu, and aromatics. These can help the horse's immune system and ability to heal itself. The aromatics (animal aromatherapy, whereby the animal chooses remedies on the basis of scent and taste from a selection offered) may have specific effects on resistance to infection and the release of supportive hormones.

Prevention: Influenza vaccines have been available for many years, and initially only provided protection for a few months. Current improved vaccines protect for 10-15 months. Vaccination is given as a primary course of 2 doses, 3-6 weeks apart, followed by boosters at 6-12 month intervals. Side effects are rare, and may be due to inflammation at the injection site, occasional allergy, or general poor well - being.

Certification of flu vaccination may be needed for horses that travel or compete

Homeopathic nosodes may be helpful in preventing influenza. Nosodes are created from the equine virus by diluting many times in water. The water then holds the memory of the molecule, which may be enough to stimulate an immune response. There tends to be a lower side effect rate with nosodes, but there is limited evidence of their efficacy.

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Symptoms and diagnosis of leukemia

No people are the same thing on this planet. Because of this the way the disease affects people of leukemia is also very different. Some patients may experience severe or acute symptoms, while in others the effect of symptoms may be so mild that long before the disease is diagnosed and actually has found that it can take years or even decades. We all know that leukemia is the worst cancer that are in these days and that affects people. Correct diagnosis of this diseasecan be very difficult at times, not the fact is that many of its symptoms resemble symptoms of other diseases very common and not life-threatening.





Some of the most common symptoms of leukemia patients are fever, chills or other symptoms that resemble those of flu, fatigue or weakness may also occur in patients. Due to the heavy tole, the disease on the body of the patient may experience loss of appetite and usually after this, the weight candifficult. Severe sweating may also be present, especially during sleep at night. Swelling or bleeding gums, some of these symptoms, we show that the disease seriously, and a heavy tole on the patient. Due to lack of oxygen and nutrients that the body receives, bone or joint pain may make them feel alone. For the fact that the brain is also affected, headaches, paralysis, seizures can sometimes discomfort of patients with different intensities.In men, the case could also be swelling of the testicles, witch is something very unpleasant. Skin symptoms may also occur such as rashes, loss of hair.





To be sure of the diagnosis that is, your doctor will certainly conducted a series of tests to rule out any other disease is suspected to lead to problems for the patient. As long as the physician with physical tests and blood tests for several banks, which makes the diagnosis. High number of white blood cells thatcertainly show a production of over bone marrow, but this does not necessarily mean that the person has leukemia. A more thorough test actually includes the production of some bone marrow for a bone marrow biopsy. If in this case a problem when it was discovered, the patient is in bed some news. Yet, these tests are extremely painful, and often the patients do it again to take over.





For more information about acute leukemia, please visithttp://www.leukemia-guide.com/leukemia-causes.htm or http://www.leukemia-guide.com/leukemia-symptoms.htm

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Canine Flu - Symptoms and Diagnosis

Canine Influenza (or flu-dog named SO) is a disease that usually shows itself in dogs (as the name of the dog). The H3N8 influenza virus from a number of known how the virus was discovered in 2004 caused.

Many dogs suffer from this disease because of lack of exposure to the virus. The lack of exposure means that many dogs on the immune system ready for them and can suffer greatly. In many regions, the disease spreads and causes a highDeath rate.

This type of flu is very contagious and causes the dog racing greyhounds come to death. This was done on a race track, in January 2004 in Florida. A number of dogs was in Florida when the virus was found in the region and a number of infected dogs have been infected in a circuit. Although this virus, the cause of many outbreaks of respiratory disease, which increased between 1999 and 2003, it was.

H3N8 is responsible for the production of an influenza epidemic in New York City in May2005th The outbreak took place in 10 states and 20 tracks: Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Arizona, Arkansas, Kansas, United States of America, Texas, Rhode Island, and West Virginia. The influence of the dog has been confirmed in about 22 countries and many countries affected dogs. The good thing was that the flu is not transmitted from cats, humans or other pets. The H5N1 virus (bird flu) is the cause of death of a dog from Thailand. He was infected after eating a sick duck.

Influenza A Virus developed a negative single-stranded RNA virus. The H3N8 has been transmitted from horses just before the dogs.

Symptoms

Almost 40% of all dogs that have been infected with H3N8 showed mild symptoms. Even if the illness was treated, was the mortality rate is very low. green nasal discharge and a little 'cough, and fever were the main symptoms. The death rate is not so great, and the refugee population has so far not affected. The main> The symptoms were infections with the virus and the secondary by the bacteria. Many dogs develop pneumonia and died when they receive the appropriate treatment. severe hemorrhagic pneumonia was found as well, and found evidence of vasculitis.

Diagnosis

Usually when an upper respiratory tract infection is determined as the dog under suspicion. The best test is a serum sample from a dog in a laboratory, making the PCR can provideEvidence. Results are ready in a few days and then the correct treatment can be applied.

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Symptoms of influenza H1N1 - The application of these indicators for the diagnosis of influenza

H1N1 influenza symptoms include fever, runny nose, slight cough, neck pain, physical pain, headache, fatigue and thunderstorms. Other people may possibly diarrhea, upset stomach and vomiting.

More extreme indicators are centered fever and respiratory symptoms to disease, without feeling. Like other viruses deaths have contributed to this type of virus.

For those with symptoms or signs of extremeantiviral drug treatments can be signed by the doctor.

Natural Self Care

Fill your body with plenty of rest, fluids and light meals. Unlike anti-viral drugs, I see no other treatments that can improve recovery times. Build immunity against the virus in the body the resources to recover quickly or reduce the signs and symptoms in half the time.

InfectionVote

Those who carry the infection of other viruses to day 1 7 E 'better stay away from others for the restoration of the H1N1 virus. Like most viruses, certain symptoms can still feel the signs and after seven days, nor the ability to transmit the virus is significantly reduced.

It 'important to have a doctor within the first 24 to 48 hours. E 'during this period that the antiviral drugs are the most efficient. Most of the time, a rapid infusionfluids and drugs can include the entire body board needed to get through a severe reaction to flu. It does not take much for the body to respond to medication. be associated in rare cases a man or a woman, perhaps for a few days in hospital for breathing with the flu.

Although the indicators for the flu or influenza occur several weeks after the initial contact with the virus, does not mean that the person is able to infectother people. It takes time to fully recover the system and found in its original condition. Swelling, cough may be a sense of weeks looking for. If there is, it is important to check to see a doctor for further complications.

Maintaining a strong immunity to infections is very important for a speedy recovery. The stronger the immune system, the best of a person when they come into contact with a virus, bacteria or cold. An ounce of prevention goes a longWay.

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Understand your loved ones, the diagnosis of fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system has many complex and painful symptoms are not always obvious to others. Therefore, if a family member or loved one is diagnosed with this disease can be very difficult to understand what is going on a day to day - especially during a flare up - and what you can do to help.

The key to helping a loved one has fibromyalgia, educate yourself as bestpossible on this very complex disease and how it is when it came to a better understanding of how we can support.

The pain of your loved ones can experience the symptoms of fibromyalgia

One of the hardest things to deal with when it comes to this disease, pain is your loved one will be made from time to time, especially before a flare In Their extreme symptoms. The symptoms associated with this primaryDisease are pain in the muscles of the body, arthritis, and levels of extreme sensitivity, resulting from central nervous system.

People with fibromyalgia, pain syndrome, which is a "widespread" to suffer. This means that different regions of the body, and the pain has an impact both on the right side of the body and left. Even the slightest touch can cause extreme pain for the victim.

There are times when these extremeThe sensitivity leads us to feel as if his skin burns or small needle point makes it difficult to shower or even put on clothes. Therefore, it is important to note that sometimes your loved ones may not want physical contact and things like shaking hands, hugging or touch because of the extreme pain that this may cause and not for personal reasons. Most people with fibromyalgia have extreme difficulty when it comes toSleep and often feel tired and exhausted.

Another common symptom is called your loved ones can experience the "fibro fog" that memory or forgetfulness can cause problems. You may not remember certain information or parts of a conversation you might have. It 'important to understanding and patient during this time and remember that it is not something you can control and you can remember them, or access a calendar of important dates and a timetable for the helpcertain things, like taking medicine.

Help and support of a loved one with fibromyalgia

One of the positive things you can do to a loved one with fibromyalgia is to ask them what you can do to help and very understanding and sympathy for Their needs. There may be times when their symptoms turn out to the point where they are, do not run even the simplest tasks, or are even able tobed.

During this period we can offer to help cook, do housework, shopping or other activities that might be difficult for them to reach during this time. It 'important to understand that many of the painful symptoms of fibromyalgia, making it difficult for people to store, know the final plans with friends or relatives who also may not, but they do not want, as always.

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Colon Cancer and Nutrition

Colon Cancer also known Colorectal cancer. Colon cancer 2nd most deaths for cancers in the US. Colon cancer is cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum (end of the colon). The colon is the part of the digestive system where the waste material is stored. The rectum is the end of the colon adjacent to the anus. Together, they form a long, muscular tube called the large intestine (also known as the large bowel). Tumors of the colon and rectum are growths arising from the inner wall of the large intestine. Benign tumors of the large intestine are called polyps. Cancer of the colon or rectum is also called colorectal cancer. In the United States, it is the fourth most common cancer in men and women. It is the third most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Colorectal cancer causes 655,000 deaths worldwide per year. Many colorectal cancers are thought to arise from adenomatous polyps in the colon. These mushroom-like growths are usually benign, but some may develop into cancer over time.

Colon cancer often causes no symptoms until it has reached a relatively advanced stage. Thus, many organizations recommend periodic screening for the disease with fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy. It is common in the Western world, and is rare in Asia and Africa. In countries where the people have adopted western diets, the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing. Most cases of colon cancer begin as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called adenomatous polyps. Polyps of the colon and rectum are almost always benign and usually produce no symptoms. They may, however, cause painless rectal bleeding or bleeding not apparent to the naked eye. There may be single or multiple polyps. Polyps greater than 1 centimeter have a greater cancer risk associated with them than polyps under 1 centimeter. Polyps with atypia or dysplasia are also more likely to progress on to colon cancer. The risk of cancer is much higher in sessile villous adenomas than in pedunculated tubular adenomas. Cancer is found in 40% of villous adenomas, as compared to 15% in tubular adenomas.

Chemotherapy is also used to treat patients with stage IV colon cancer. Surgery remains the primary treatment while chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may be recommended depending on the individual patient's staging. High-fiber foods help move waste through your digestive tract faster, so harmful substances don't have much contact with the lining of the intestine. High-fiber foods are also rich in phytonutrients, which appear to protect against several forms of cancer. Calcium and vitamin D also seem to help protect against colorectal cancer. There is certainly just as much buzz about folate and colorectal cancer prevention as there has been about calcium. The jury is still out on antioxidants and the prevention of colorectal cancer. Taking antioxidants, such as vitamin C or carotenoids, may reduce cancer risk but other studies have failed to back up these results. Vegetables high in folate, like leafy greens, seem to offer particular protection from colon cancer, especially for those who drink alcohol. Cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli and cauliflower, also contain phytochemicals that may prevent damage to colon cells.

Colon Cancer Treatment and Nutrition Tips

1. Chemotherapy is also used to treat patients with stage IV colon cancer.

2. Radiotherapy may be recommended Treatment fot colon cancer.

3. High-fiber foods help move waste through your digestive tract faster.

4. Calcium and vitamin D also seem to help protect against colorectal cancer.

5. Taking antioxidants, such as vitamin C or carotenoids, may reduce cancer risk but other studies have failed to back up these results.

6. Vegetables high in folate, like leafy greens, seem to offer particular protection from colon cancer, especially for those who drink alcohol.

7. Cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli and cauliflower, also contain phytochemicals that may prevent damage to colon cells.

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Mesothelioma Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Stages

Signs and Symptoms

These symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions.

* chest wall pain

* pleural effusion, or fluid surrounding the lung

* shortness of breath

* wheezing, hoarseness, or cough

I

* abdominal pain

* ascites, or an abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen

* a mass in the abdomen

* problems with bowel function

* weight loss

* blood clots in the veins, which may cause thrombophlebitis

* disseminated intravascular coagulation, a disorder causing severe bleeding in many body organs

* jaundice, or yellowing of the eyes and skin

* low blood sugar level

* pleural effusion

* pulmonary emboli, or blood clots in the arteries of the lungs

* severe ascites

Diagnosis

Diagnosing mesothelioma is often difficult, because the symptoms are similar to those of a number of other conditions. Diagnosis begins with a review of the patient's medical history. A history of exposure to asbestos may increase clinical suspicion for mesothelioma. A physical examination is performed, followed by chest X-ray and often lung function tests. The X-ray may reveal pleural thickening commonly seen after asbestos exposure and increases suspicion of mesothelioma. A CT (or CAT) scan or an MRI is usually performed. If a large amount of fluid is present, abnormal cells may be detected by cytology if this fluid is aspirated with a syringe. For pleural fluid this is done by a pleural tap or chest drain, in ascites with an paracentesis or ascitic drain and in a pericardial effusion with pericardiocentesis. While absence of malignant cells on cytology does not completely exclude mesothelioma, it makes it much more unlikely, especially if an alternative diagnosis can be made (e.g. tuberculosis, heart failure).

If cytology is positive or a plaque is regarded as suspicious, a biopsy is needed to confirm a diagnosis of mesothelioma. A doctor removes a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope by a pathologist. A biopsy may be done in different ways, depending on where the abnormal area is located. If the cancer is in the chest, the doctor may perform a thoracoscopy. In this procedure, the doctor makes a small cut through the chest wall and puts a thin, lighted tube called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. Thoracoscopy allows the doctor to look inside the chest and obtain tissue samples.

Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the doctor may need to assess the stage to help plan treatment.

Mesothelioma is described as localized if the cancer is found only on the membrane surface where it originated. It is classified as advanced if it has spread beyond the original membrane surface to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, chest wall, or abdominal organs.

If the cancer is in the abdomen, the doctor may perform a laparoscopy. To obtain tissue for examination, the doctor makes a small opening in the abdomen and inserts a special instrument into the abdominal cavity. If these procedures do not yield enough tissue, more extensive diagnostic surgery may be necessary.

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Bowel Cancer - Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Care

Bowel cancer is also known by many as colorectal cancer. It is a common cancer, slow to develop, with over 34,000 people diagnosed in the UK each year. Over 80% of people diagnosed with bowel cancer are over 60 years old. The symptoms of the disease can include changes in bowel habits, consistent diarrhoea or constipation, blood or mucus in the faeces, tiredness and weight loss or a pain or lump in the abdomen.

The exact cause of the cancer remains unknown but there are several factors that make people at more risk. Research suggests that diet may be a factor; those with a diet high in animal fat and protein and low in fibre have an increased risk of developing bowel cancer. Also those who have a high intake of alcohol may be at greater risk. People with a history of bowel cancer in the family may have a slightly higher risk of developing the disease but only 5-10% of sufferers have family members with the same illness.

If you think you have any of the symptoms of this cancer you should visit your GP straight away as early diagnosis and treatment are important for controlling the disease. The doctor will do a physical examination and refer you to a hospital specialist if they think a cancer may be present.

There are three tests that may be conducted by hospital specialists to diagnose the cancer;

Barium enema which is a special x-ray of the large bowel where a mixture of barium and air is passed through the back passage into the bowel, the doctor can then watch the passage of the barium through the bowel on the x-ray screen and any abnormal areas can be seen.

Proctoscopy / Sigmoidoscopy is where air is pumped into the bowel and then a tube with a tiny light and camera is passed into the bowel so any abnormal areas can be seen. This test may be uncomfortable but not painful.

Colonoscopies are done when the doctor needs to see the whole length of the large bowel, the bowel must be empty and a colonoscope is passed into the bowel. This is a long flexible tube with a light and camera on the end to help show abnormal areas and swelling. During the test photos and samples of the cells on the inside of the large bowel can be taken. A sedative is usually given to make the procedure more comfortable.

Treatment depends on the stage and position of the cancer. Cancers affecting the colon and those affecting the rectum are usually treated in different ways. Patients with early stage cancer contained within the bowel wall can usually be completely cured with surgery. If the cancer has spread through the muscle of the bowel wall and into the lymph nodes there is a chance the cancer may return so chemotherapy is often done along with the surgery. People with rectal cancer may also be given radiotherapy before or after surgery.

With advanced stage bowel cancer where the cancer has spread to other parts of the body such as abdomen, liver and lungs it is not usually possible to fully cure but treatment may be able to control it for a long time, by reducing symptoms and giving a good quality of life.

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Liver cancer - incidence, symptoms, causation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis

Liver cancer also known as primary or metastatic liver cancer is a very rare form of cancer in the Western world (1%) of all cancers, but much more common in Africa and parts of Asia () 10% to 50% of all cancers. It is much more common in men and incidence increases with age. Liver cancer is sudden death, usually within 6 months from gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatic failure or metastasis.

TYPES OF LIVE CANCER
Most primary liver tumorsare known as hepatomas (hepatocellular carcinoma and primary lower cell carcinoma). Some primary liver cancer known to originate in the bile duct and these as cholangiomas. Some rare cancer of the liver include Kupffer cell sarcoma and hepatoblastomas (which occur almost exclusively in children and are usually) decent and curable. Metastatic liver cancer is 20 times more common than primary liver cancer and liver cirrhosis after that the leading form of liver is related Death.

Signs and symptoms
Liver cancer usually do not cause symptoms until they are at an advanced stage.
Clinical effects of advanced liver cancer include:

1. A mass in the upper right side.
2. Tender, nodular liver on palpation
3. Severe pain in the stomach or in the upper right-hand side
4. Weight loss, anorexia, weakness, fever
5. Occasional jaundice or ascites (fluid in the abdominal cavity)

CAUSATION
The exact cause of liver> Not aware of adult cancers in children, but it is a genetic disease. Adult liver carcinomas may result from environmental exposure to carcinogens such as mold, contrast media (no longer in use), androgens and oral estrogens, which absorb prolonged hepatitis B virus, or caused by damage to the liver due to cirrhosis, caused by too much alcohol .

DIAGNOSIS
Liver cancer is difficult to diagnose in the presence of cirrhosis, but several tests can help identify them: The Combination of an imaging study (ultrasound, CT or MRI scans) and increased blood levels of alpha-fetoprotein will most effectively diagnose liver cancer may show electrolyte studies, increased sodium retention, a liver biopsy can make a definitive diagnosis.

TREATMENT
Treatments for primary liver cancer depend on the extent (stage) of disease, age, general health, feelings and personal preferences. Surgery is the most effective treatment for primary liver cancerCancer, but that's not always possible because of the size or location of the tumor. Radiofrequency ablation is an option for people with small, unresectable hepatocellular tumors and for some types of metastatic liver cancer. During this process, the hepatic artery (the artery from the liver receive their blood supply) is blocked, and chemotherapy drugs are injected between the blockage and the liver. Cryoablation is an option for people with inoperable primary and metastaticLiver cancer. Removing the whole liver and replacing it with a liver from another person is another possible form of treatment for primary liver cancer.

Even if the treatments much improvement in the liver cancer itself, pain and other signs and symptoms of liver cancer caused not be able to offer aggressive treatment to improve the quality of life. In general, treatment for children are the same as for adults, and the best approach depends onthe stage and type of cancer and the child's age and general health.

PROGNOSIS
Prognosis is poor if the cancer is advanced, but also for small tumors that are confined to the liver, ablative therapies, and palliative surgical resection or liver transplantation is sometimes curative.

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Lung cancer - symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and care

In the UK 38,000 people are diagnosed with lung cancer each year. There are two types of lung cancer, small cell, which occurs in 20% of cases and non-small cell, which occurs in 80% of cases. Small cell lung cancer is the most dangerous, as they travel through other parts of the body and can be detected early in the bloodstream or lymphatic system received very quickly. Non-small cell lung cancer travels more slowly when detected early and can be successfulhealed.

Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, although 10% have smoked the people with the disease before. The risk of lung cancer increases with the number of cigarettes smoked and the age of the smoker. When a person stops smoking the risks decrease rapidly and become ill after 15 years, the risk of lung cancer are the same as a Non smoking. The inhalation of cigarette smoke other people's smoke, is known as passive smoking, increases the chances of lung cancerBut the risks are far less than if you smoke yourself. Those who smoke cigars, pipes, or cannabis, a lower risk of lung cancer than smokers, but a far greater risk than Non smoking.

Radon in high concentrations, it is assumed that the risk of developing lung cancer Add, which is a naturally occurring gas in some areas and you can get a radon detector to check the level in your home. In rare cases, contact with certain chemicals and substances such as uranium, Chromium and nickel can also cause lung cancer.

The symptoms of lung cancer may include:

A persistent cough or long -

Chest infection

Increasing breathlessness

Hemoptysis

Loss of appetite and weight

Swallowing

Excessive tiredness and lethargy

It is important to get any of these symptoms checked by a doctor, but each could be caused by another disease than lung cancerCancer.

The diagnosis begins with an examination by a GP who can arrange for X-rays and tests are performed in a hospital. The hospital doctors, this may include a CT scan or spiral CT scan, do a series of x-rays, a three-dimensional image is from inside the body and helps to find the location and size of the tumor to build, or a bronchoscopy, the , where the interior examination of the airways with a bronchoscope. This is a thin, flexible tube that is passed throughNose or mouth into the airway, the doctor can then look through the bronchoscope to be checked for changes. Photos and biopsies can be taken at the same time.

Small cell lung cancer is usually treated with chemotherapy, allowing patients more control of symptoms with a better life. If non-small cell lung cancer is very early surgery is not usually done because the cancer will spread to other parts of the body beforediagnosed. Sometimes radiotherapy is given to the head, the tumor spreads to the brain and in advanced cases of small cell lung cancer, it is used to relieve symptoms such as pain effectively prevented.

Non-small cell lung cancer is treated differently, depending on the stage of the disease at an early stage of the operation, the tumor can be removed and is often followed with chemotherapy on. Radiotherapy can also be used in patientsnot fit enough or not to undergo the selection of an operation. Be used in advanced stages of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, sometimes a combination of both. These are used to maintain a good quality of life for as long as possible and to experience pain.

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Diagnosis of irritable bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of a group of conditions known as Medically Unexplained illnesses or health problems (MUD). Fibromyalgia Syndrome is also in this group. IBS is a functional disorder. In other words, you have symptoms, but there are no structural changes. It is the most common condition seen by gastroenterologists and seen the most common gastrointestinal condition by the family doctor.

The diagnosis is easier since the introduction of the ManningCriteria and, more recently, the Rome criteria. The Rome-11 criteria are house doctors' confidence, irritable bowel syndrome without invasive tests for diagnosis. This is very useful, especially in the very young.

IBS is a very common disease, and as a large proportion of sufferers do not see their GP, then the consequences could be as high as 20% worldwide. It is more common in women. It is also a heavy burden not only for the suspect, but the health professionals and healthManufacturer.

Abdominal pain is an important symptom in the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. One patient in my office and said that she had IBS. Her only symptom of bloating. She had a flat stomach, when she woke up, but at the end of the day, she looked like she was pregnant in her ninth month. She had no pain or altered bowel habit or shape. This is not irritable bowel syndrome, but one of many functional disorders affecting the intestine. Thompson and Heaton produced onelong list of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Not a few overlaps with IBS.

For the diagnosis of IBS according to Rome 11 criteria, you must explain abdominal pain or discomfort for at least 12 weeks in a year, plus two of the following in the absence of structural or metabolic disorders, the symptoms. Relief of pain during defecation. Pain associated with changes in frequency of bowel movements. Pain associated with a change in the form ofChairs.

IBS patients also have symptoms such as rectal urgency and incomplete emptying. Urgency can lead to fecal incontinence. Although this is unusual, it is a source of serious embarrassment. Bloating in irritable bowel syndrome frequently. IBS sufferers are aware of their growling stomachs and wind. Mucus was a common feature in the past, but is not an essential feature of today.

Non-colonic symptoms of IBS include tiredness and lethargy, urgency and frequencyto urinate, back pain, pain during intercourse and painful periods in women.

Statistics show that a large proportion of IBS patients to wait years before a physician. These people are making their own diagnoses. IBS patients should be established a diagnosis by a health professional. Some serious disorders have symptoms similar to IBS. Subclinical ulcerative colitis may mimic irritable bowel syndrome.

Patients who have suspectedIrritable bowel syndrome should visit their physician if they are one of the following symptoms. Unexpected weight loss, loss of appetite (anorexia), bleeding from the rectum and symptoms first, after the age of 50 years. Consult your doctor if you have IBS symptoms and you have a family of colorectal cancer or polyps. There is a higher incident of piles (hemorrhoids) in irritable bowel syndrome and hemorrhoids can cause bleeding from theRectum. Is bleeding from the rectum, but can a red flag symptom and suggest a serious underlying disease. Check it out.

Copyright 2006 Dr. Phil Hariram

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Breast cancer symptoms and diagnosis

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women diagnosed if the relatively less aggressive skin cancer excluded from counting. Breast cancer accounts for about 32 percent of all cancers diagnosed in women.

Breast cancer is very rare in males. In families, the breast cancer genes, the male members may be affected disproportionately compared to the general population. In the general female populationmale breast cancer can occur at a rate of 1) to 100 (1:100 for men / women.

Before the introduction of mammography screening breast cancer was often diagnosed as a large lump in the breast, because women do not pay to the attention of the development of breast tumors. Introduction of mammography had significantly changed the natural history of Breast Caner. In industrialized countries like the United States breast caner is most commonly are detected on mammography screening.Mammography screening also brought a great sense of awareness among women, and this has resulted in earlier detection of breast cancer.

Even if a woman does not receive mammography screening, they are very much aware of the risk of developing breast cancer, and thus tend to observe and examine their own breasts. The majority of women breast self-examination between mammography. Because of this increased attention, women presenting with locally advanced breast cancervery rare in industrialized countries.

For some women, breast cancer may have spread to distant organs, before mammography screening or symptoms showed that in breast cancer. This can happen because early breast cancer usually does not cause any symptoms. If the cancer to other organs of these women with symptoms related to these organs, spreading at present. For example, if the cancer has spread to the bones of women can develop bone pain or bone fractures.

Diagnosis of breast cancer involves a biopsy. In most cases, an abnormality in the mammogram leads to a biopsy, many other times, the woman may have a lump in the breast or the doctor examining the patient may have felt to have felt a lump in her breast.

A biopsy is the procedure to remove a small portion of the breast tissue and examined under a microscope. A typical animal cancer would show classic features of the breastCancer. Sometimes the abnormality may be a non-invasive breast cancer or so-called carcinoma in situ.

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Prostate Cancer - the frequency, symptoms, causation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis

Prostate cancer is the commonest cancer in men over fifty years old.
Adenocarcinoma is the most common form.
Prostate cancer rarely causes symptoms until the cancer at an advanced stage, so early diagnosis and in the early stages of the disease is curable, is essential.

Location and Function
The prostate is an organ that is part of the male sex organs. It is just below the bladder and right before you areIntestine. Its main function is to produce fluid which protects and enriches sperm.

In younger men the prostate is about the size of a walnut. It is shaped dough nut, as at the beginning of the urethra, the tube that conveys the urine from the bladder to the penis surrounds. The nerves that control erections surround the prostate.

Signs and symptoms

• waking frequently at night to urinate
To urinate • Sudden or urgent need
To urinate • Difficulty in establishing
• Slow flow of urine and difficulty in stopping
• discomfort when urinating
• Painful ejaculation
• Blood in urine or semen
• Decrease in libido (sex drive)
• Reduced ability to get an erection

Most people tend to accept the presence of one or more of the following symptoms such that a natural consequence of aging. However, it is one of the above symptoms experienced advised to consult a doctor immediately. Early diagnosis and expertTreatment is important and can prevent potentially serious consequences for health.

Prostate cancer is usually one of the slower-growing cancers. In the past, it was found most often in men over 70, and many men died of other causes before their prostate cancer could kill him. This led to the old saying "most men do not die, prostate cancer.

However, this is certainly not today. Three developments have changed thingssignificantly:

• Men are living longer, so that the cancer more time to spread outside the prostate, with potentially fatal consequences.
• More men in their early sixties, fifties and even forties are detected with prostate cancer. Earlier on the set, with the greater life expectancy for men is associated, the cancer will have more time to spread and become life-threatening unless diagnosed and treated.
• prostate cancer in younger men often tends toaggressive and thus more life-threatening within a shorter time.

Risk Factors and Testing
Risk factors for prostate cancer have diets rich in fat and low in vegetables. Risk factors include age, 75% of cases are men over 65 years. Prostate cancer is often detected by physical examination or blood-screening tests, such as the PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test.

The PSA test measures the blood levels of prostate-specific antigen, an enzymeproduced by the prostate. The risk of prostate cancer with rising PSA levels.

The majority of men who reach 85-year-olds, in fact, have prostate cancer cells, but the disease develops so slowly that it never threatened her life.

Genetic factors play a role, especially for families, which made the diagnosis in men under 60, and the risk of prostate cancer increases with the number of close relatives who have Disease.

Preventive measures
Researchers at Harvard University found that men who ate cooked tomatoes or foods made with them (tomato sauce or ketchup, for example) more than twice a week were less likely to develop prostate cancer.

Reduce the daily use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen can prostate cancer risk.
Frequent ejaculation, it also seems to have a certain protective effect against ProstrateCancer.

Many prostate cancers are not intended to be fatal, and most people will ultimately die from causes other than the disease. Because many prostate tumors grow slowly, are excellent survival if the disease is detected at an early stage.

Treatment
The most appropriate treatment is primarily determined by the stage and aggressiveness (how quickly they grow and spread) of the disease when it is discovered. Detecting prostate cancer earlyThe key to beating the disease.
Many factors influence the decision whether to treat the disease: the patient's age, whether the cancer has spread, the presence of other diseases, and the patient's general health.

Treatment of prostate cancer can mean "wait and see, surgery, radiation therapy, including brachytherapy and external radiation therapy, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), chemotherapy, cryosurgery, hormone therapy or aCombination.

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Colon cancer - symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and care

Colorectal cancer is also known by many, including colon cancer. It is a common cancers develop slowly, with more than 34,000 people in the UK are diagnosed each year. About 80% of people diagnosed with colon cancer are aged over 60 years. The symptoms can include changes in bowel habits, consistent diarrhea or constipation, blood or mucus in the stool, fatigue and weight loss or pain or lump in the abdomen.

The exact cause ofCancer is not known, but there are several factors that make people at greater risk. Research suggests that diet may be a factor, those with a diet high in animal fat and protein and low fiber have an increased risk for colon cancer. Even those who have a high alcohol intake may be at greater risk. People with a history of colorectal cancer in the family can be a slightly higher risk of developing the disease, but only 5-10% of sufferers have family memberswith the same disease.

If you think you have one of the symptoms of this cancer, you should visit your GP immediately as an early diagnosis and treatment are important to combat the disease. The doctor will do a physical examination, and to refer to a hospital specialist you believe to be a cancer.

There are three tests that are performed by hospital specialists to diagnose the cancer;

Barium enema, which is a special x-ray examination of thethe large intestine, where a mixture of barium and air passed through the rectum into the intestine, the doctor will see the adoption of the barium through the intestines on the x-ray screen, and any abnormal areas can be seen.

Proctoscopy / sigmoidoscopy is, where air is pumped into the intestine and then a tube with a small, lightweight camera is passed into the intestine so that any abnormal areas can be seen. This test may be uncomfortable but not painful.

Colonoscopies are done, if the doctormust see the entire length of the large intestine, the bowel must be empty, and a colonoscope is passed into the intestine. This is helping a long tube with a camera and light at the end to the anomalous areas and swelling. During the test can be taken photographs and samples of the cells on the inside of the colon. A sedative is given in the rule to the procedure more comfortable.

Treatment depends on the stage and the location of the cancer. Cancers of the colon and thesuch, the rectum are usually treated in different ways. Patients with cancer at early stages of the intestinal wall are included, can be completely cured with surgery in general. If the cancer has spread through the muscle of the intestinal wall and into the lymph nodes, the chance of the cancer is back, so chemotherapy is often combined with surgery done. People with rectal cancer, radiation therapy may also be administered before or after surgery.

With advancedStage colorectal cancer where the cancer spread to other parts of the body like stomach, liver and lungs, it is usually not possible to completely heal, but treatment may be able to control it for a long time, by reducing the symptoms and gives a good quality of life.

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Breast cancer - symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and care

Brest cancer is one of the most common cancer among women, generating 41,000 cases diagnosed each year and about 300 men. The likelihood of developing breast cancer are higher among older women, but lower in those who have children at an early age and breast-fed their children.

The earlier breast cancer is diagnosed and treated, the better the chances of success. All women in the UK are aged between 50 and 69 offers mammograms every three years under theA national mammography screening program. The goal of this program is to catch breast cancer early and successful treatment. Women over 70 can ask to be annual 3 screening women under 49 and discussing with a history of breast cancer in the family will continue with their doctor whether they should begin early screening.

For most women, breast cancer is first noticed as a painless lump in the breast. Other symptoms may include a change in size and shape of thethe breast, thickening of breast tissue, skin bumps, swelling or lump in the armpit and a rash, which the nipple. Chest pain is rarely a symptom of breast cancer.

When a doctor examines the chest, and believes that a cancer is present, it is the patient to hospital, where the following tests may be performed is called:

Mammogram - a low dose x-ray of the breast tissue

Ultrasound - the use of sound waves to get a picture of the breast Tissue

Color Doppler ultrasound - shows the blood supply to the area around the difference between a cancer and benign nodes to determine

Needle (core) biopsy - a needle used to create a small piece of tissue from the affected area to

Fine-needle aspiration - a needle and syringe are used to form a cell pattern, the affected area to

Blood tests - general health check to see how to work the liver and kidneys, and verify the presence ofCancer production of chemicals in the blood

Excisional biopsy - surgery, where the whole lump is removed and sent for examination

One-stop clinics - clinics in which all the relevant tests are combined and results are processed while you wait done.

Treatment of breast cancer depends on the stage and grade of cancer, and age of the patient, whether the cancer cell receptors for certain hormones or proteins, and the size of the tumor. Most of the breastCancer is surgically treated to the tumor, all or part of the breast tissue can at the same time, however, reconstructive breast surgery can be performed at the time of first surgery or be removed at a later date, to remove. Chemotherapy or hormone therapy can be done before surgery to shrink the tumor. According to the operation and radiotherapy are given to ensure that any remaining cancer cells are destroyed.

Doctors can calculate the chances that the cancer has spread or will comeback, and most women will be advised to treatment with chemotherapy or hormonal therapy remains the opportunity to reduce the cancer coming back. Some women have both treatments, but at different times.

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What is cancer - incidence, diagnosis, causation, symptoms, treatment and prognosis

Cancer is only by cardiovascular diseases as a cause of death in the Western world. Although cancer is predominantly a disease of older people with more than 60% of cancer deaths occur in people over the age of 65 Year of life, cancer may strike even the youngest of the children.

Cancer seems to occur when the growth of the cells of the body is out of control and cells divide too quickly. The cancer can develop in almost any organ orTissues such as lung, colon, breast, skin, bone or nerve tissue.

The most frequent sites are:

Prostrate 24%
Breast 13%
Lung 13%
Colon and rectum 9%
Bladder 3%
Uterus 2.5%

The cause of cancer is believed that a combination of genetic factors and non-carcinogens such as tobacco, viruses, infections, asbestos, vinyl chloride, inadequate nutrition.

The cancer often has no specific symptoms, so it is important that you limit your riskFactors and are subject to appropriate cancer screening. The signs and symptoms depend on where the cancer is, the size of the cancer, and how much they relate to the adjacent organs or structures.

If a cancer spreads (metastasis), then symptoms may occur in different parts of the body. As a cancer grows, he begins to press on nearby organs, blood vessels and nerves. If the cancer is in a critical area, such as certain parts of thethe brain, even the smallest tumor early symptoms.

But sometimes cancer begin there, not where it causes any symptoms until the cancer has grown quite large. Pancreatic cancer, for example, usually not large enough to feel on the outside of the body. At the time, a pancreatic cancer causes these symptoms, it usually has reached an advanced stage.

A cancer may also be common symptomsmany other problems, such as, fever, fatigue and weight loss. This may be because the cancer consumes much energy the body or it may be the release of substances that may affect the metabolism.

Some lung cancer to hormone-like substances which affect blood levels of calcium, nerves and muscles and causing weakness and dizziness.

It is important to know what some of the general (non-specific) signs and symptoms of cancer, but do not forget that undereach of these does not mean that you have cancer.

Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location and timing. The earlier the cancer is found, the better the prognosis.

A good example of the importance of early detection of melanoma skin cancer. Skin cancer can be easily removed if it has not grown deep into the skin, and the 5-year survival rate (percentage of people who are at least 5 years afterDiagnosis) at this stage is nearly 100%.

Early detection of breast cancer with mammography has been shown to reduce the average time of diagnosis of breast cancer in the population. Colorectal cancer is through colonoscopy and fecal occult blood testing, which reduces both colon cancer incidence and mortality, presumably through the detection and removal of polyps before malignant be demonstrated. Similarly, cervical cytology testing (using the Pap smear) leads toIdentification and excision of precancerous lesions.

Testicular self-examination is for men beginning at age 15 years to recognize testicular cancer is recommended.

Signs and symptoms

Pain may be an early symptom with some cancers such as bone cancers or testicular cancer.

Long-term constipation, diarrhea or a change in the size of the chair can be a sign of colon cancer.

Painful urination, blood in urine, or a change inBladder function could be) (such as frequent or less frequent urination on the bladder or prostate cancer are available.

Skin cancer may bleed and look like sores that do not heal.

A lasting wound in the mouth could be a cancer of the oral cavity and are therefore treated with the same, particularly in patients who smoke, chew tobacco or drink alcohol frequently.

Sores on the penis or vagina may either signs of infection or a cancer, and should notoverlooked.

Unusual bleeding can occur either early or advanced cancer.

Blood in the sputum (phlegm) may be a sign of lung cancer.

) Blood in the stool (or a dark or black stool could be a sign of colon or rectal cancer.

Blood in the urine can be a sign of bladder or kidney cancer.

A bloody discharge from the nipple may be a sign of breast cancer.

Many cancers can be felt through the skin, especially in the chest;Testes, lymph nodes (glands) and the soft tissues of the body. A lump or thickening may be a sign of cancer sooner or later.

While they often have other causes, indigestion or difficulty swallowing) may be a sign of cancer of the esophagus, stomach, or pharynx (throat.

A cough, can not go giving a sign of lung cancer.

A cancer may be suspected for a variety of reasons, but the final diagnosis of malignant diseases, have mostconfirmed by histological examination of the cancer cells by a pathologist.

TREATMENT

Once the diagnosis of cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Radiation therapy is used to treat almost all types of solid tumors, including cancers of the brain, breast, cervix, larynx, lung, pancreas, prostate, skin, stomach, uterus or soft tissue sarcoma to.

Most forms of chemotherapy target all rapidly dividing cells and arenot specific to cancer cells, although a certain specificity of the inability of many cancer cells can repair DNA damage to occur, while normal cells generally can.

Modern methods for generating an immune response against tumors include intravesical BCG immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer, and the use of interferons and other cytokines, an immune response in renal cell carcinoma and melanoma causing patients.

Painkillers, such asSuppress morphine and oxycodone, and antiemetics, drugs, nausea and vomiting that are frequently used in patients with cancer symptoms. Transmission and disease.

Advances in Cancer Research have developed a vaccine to prevent cancer made available. The vaccine protects against four HPV types which together cause 70% of all cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts.

The consensus on diet and cancer is that obesity increases the riskIll cancer. The cancer-fighting components of food are also proving to be more numerous and more diverse than previously understood, so that more and more patients are advised to consume fresh, unprocessed fruits and vegetables for maximum benefit to health.

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Bladder cancer - symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and care

About 10,000 people with bladder cancer in the UK every year more than 50,000 in the U.S. diagnosed each year. Account for 90% of cancers of the urinary tract (renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra are omitted) and usually occurs in people over 50 and nearly twice as many men as women from this disease. Although bladder cancer can not be prevented, tobacco use and working with certain chemicals are associated with a higher risk of developing the disease. Drink plenty of fluidsper day may help reduce the risk. The symptoms of bladder cancer include pain and urination and blood in the urine.

The diagnosis of bladder cancer by urologists will be able to test and screen tests to detect potential risk factors are taken into account is determined by the complete medical history and things like smoking and exposure to dyes. The NMP22 ® Bladder ® is a non-invasive urine test, the increased nuclear matrix protein found (NMP) with bladder cancer, the results of this test if they have been used with cystoscopy, to be more effective than other diagnostic tests.

Various imaging techniques can also be carried out, it will include a dye through a vein then administered X-rays are taken as the dye moves through the urinary tract. This provides information about the function of the bladder, ureter and kidney. Other imaging studies have a CT scan, MRI, bone scan and ultrasound. If the bladderCancer is a suspected cystoscopy and biopsy are performed. With cystoscopy a thin telescopic tube, as is connected with a small camera inserted into the bladder through the urethra to detect abnormalities. In the biopsy tissue samples are taken and examined for cancer cells.

Once it has been established that a tumor, the next step is to determine the tumor status. The size of the tumor, where it is, whether it has spread into the surrounding tissue and whether it to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body are distributed all questions that must be answered. The tumor is stage or depth of penetration is limited to one of two categories, (1) superficial, surface tumors to affect only the bladder lining or (2) invasive, deep tumors spread that grow in the deeper layers of the bladder tissue, and may involve surrounding muscle, fat and adjacent organs.

Treatment of bladder cancer is dependent on the stage of the disease, the type ofCancer and the patient's age and general health. Options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Surgery can also remove the bladder, prostate and lymph nodes, which results in the patient with an external device in the urine, but if can be removed at an early stage of a tumor using instruments inserted through the urethra caught.

Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment, the drugs destroy the cancer cells that are used orally orintravenously. In patients with early stages of bladder cancer drugs can be infused through the urethra into the bladder. Some side effects of chemotherapy may be severe and include headache, abdominal pain, blurred vision, fatigue, heavy bleeding, infection and weakness.

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. External radiation is emitted from a machine outside the body and internal radiation comes from pellets implanted in theTumor. Each type can be used after surgery to destroy remaining cancer cells. Side effects can Inflammation of the rectum, skin irritation, fibrosis and impotence.

Immunotherapy can be used in cases of superficial bladder cancer. The treatment strengthens the immune system's ability to fight disease. A vaccine is infused through the urethra into the bladder once a week for 6 weeks to stimulate the immune system and destroy cancer cells. Can be side effectsInflammation of the bladder, inflammation of the prostate and flu-like symptoms.
Bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate. Urine cytology and cystoscopy are performed every 3 months for 2 years, every 6 months for the next 2 years and then annually.

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Stomach cancer - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis

Stomach cancer is common worldwide and affects all races, it is more common in men than in women, and has its peak between 40 and 60 years old. Gastric cancer mortality is higher in Japan and Chile, presumably because of differences in diet in these countries where they are less dependent on red meat.

Over the past 25 years the incidence of gastric cancer in the western world has decreased by 50% and the resulting mortality rate is less than oneThirds of what it once was, but in less developed countries it is still one of the leading causes of death, probably because diagnoses in these countries through the period of the disease (usually by a barium meal) the stomach is in a very advanced stage.

TYPES of gastric cancer

There are different types of gastric cancer, some of which are very rare. The most common types of stomach cancer start in the glandular cells of the gastric mucosa(Adenocarcinoma), this is where stomach acid and digestive enzymes are made, and where most stomach cancer to start. If the gastric cancer will be further advanced, it can spread through the bloodstream and travel of organs like the liver, lungs and bones. Gastric cancer that start in the lymphatic tissue (lymphoma), in which the stomach muscles (sarcoma) or in the tissues that support the organs of the digestive system) are (gastrointestinal stromal tumors are less frequent andtreated in different ways.

Signs and symptoms
Early indications of stomach cancer are chronic dyspepsia and epigastric discomfort, in the later stages of weight loss, anorexia, a feeling of fullness after eating, anemia and fatigue. Blood in the stool can also be present and if the cancer is in the cardia (above occur) vomiting.

CAUSATION
The exact cause of stomach cancer is not known that the presence of the Helicopter pylori bacteriumseems to be an important factor. Predisposing factors include environmental factors such as smoking and high alcohol consumption. Because gastric cancer is more common in people with families and people with blood type A are also involved genetic factors. Dietary factors, including the methods of food preservation such as pickling, smoking or salting also have an influence on the incidence of gastric cancer.

DIAGNOSIS
Stomach cancer is diagnosedby a test one, that can include upper gastrointestinal (GI) series, endoscopy or gastroscopy where a thin, flexible tube is passed, the neck is down, the doctor in the stomach, esophagus and the upper part of the bowel barium meals and barium swallows to see. Because stomach cancer can spread to the liver, pancreas and other organs near the stomach as well as the lung, the doctor may review a CT scan, a PET scan, endoscopic ultrasound or other tests,these areas.

Stomach cancer can spread (metastasize) to the esophagus or small intestine, and can through the stomach wall to nearby lymph nodes and organs should be extended. Metastasis occurs in 80-90% of patients with gastric cancer, with a five-year survival rate of 75% in the early stages of diagnosed and diagnosed less than 30% of respondents in the late stages.

TREATMENT
Although gastric cancer can be treated with surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy inmany cases, surgery is the treatment of choice. Even in patients whose disease is not considered surgically curable, resection offers a palliative effect and improves the potential benefits of chemotherapy.

The nature and extent of the cancer determines what kind of surgery is best suited. Common surgical procedures include partial or complete removal of the stomach.
Antiemetics can control nausea, which increases as the cancer advances. In the more advanced stagesSedatives and tranquilizers may be necessary to control anxiety. Drugs are often necessary to separate and control unremitting pain.
In some cases of advanced gastric cancer, a laser beam is directed through an endoscope can vaporize most of the tumor and relieve obstruction without an operation.

PROGNOSIS
Stomach cancer is curable if detected early, but most people do not want medical help until the disease is quite advanced, possibly because the symptomsoccur late and are often vague and nonspecific. Eating fresh fruits and vegetables that contain antioxidant vitamins (eg A and C) appears to reduce the risk of stomach cancer too. The rate of gastric cancer among smokers is approximately double the cessation of smoking is essential.

In the United States and most of the Western world, is the 5-year survival rate between 5-15%. In Japan, where gastric cancer is often diagnosed early, the 5-year survival rate is around 50%.Five-year survival for advanced gastric cancer range from approximately 20% for regional disease to almost zero for those with distant metastases.

Treatment for metastatic gastric cancer can relieve symptoms and prolong survival, at times, but long remissions are not common. The survival of inoperable stomach cancer is usually only a few months if not treated. With chemotherapy the average survival time is approximately 12 months. If cancer is found beforeit has spread, the five-year survival is around 61%.

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